基于生物素化纳米抗体检测拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸的研究

该研究在前期已制备获得的拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA）纳米抗体（Nb）基础上,将其进行生物素化,并利用多聚辣根过氧化物酶标记的链霉亲和素（polyHRP－SA）进行信号扩增,建立了基于生物素－亲和素系统高灵敏间接竞争ELISA检测3-PBA残留的分析方法。对抗原抗体工作浓度、缓冲液条件（pH值、离子浓度、吐温－20浓度）及polyHRP－SA浓度进行优化后,所建方法对3-PBA的半抑制浓度（IC50）为1.7 ng/mL,线性范围为0.37～7.4 ng/mL,检出限（LOD）为0.15 ng/mL。将该方法用于人尿样品（高温酸水解后固相萃取净化）和环境水样品（简单过滤）中3-PBA的检测,加标回收率分别为87.0%～127%和78.0%～113%,相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于10%。该方法具有灵敏度高、操作简便,适用于生物与环境样本中3-PBA的快速筛查。     

金属性二维过渡金属硫化物的溶剂热合成及电催化析氢性能

采用溶剂热法制备了多种二维过渡金属硫化物(TMDCs), 在合成过程中通过调控反应前驱体的滴加速率来控制所得TMDCs的形貌和结构. 然后采用高温热处理来提高TMDCs的结晶性, 从而提升了其电催化活性. 在酸性电解液中进行电催化析氢性能测试. 结果表明, “花状”结构的金属性二维二硫化铌(NbS₂)具有最佳的催化活性和稳定性, 在电流密度为10 mA/cm²时, 其过电位仅为146 mV, 持续工作24 h后电流密度几乎不衰减. 研究发现, 可充分暴露面内活性位点的“花状”结构以及高温处理后材料导电性的提高是二维NbS₂具有优异电催化性能的主要因素.     

复合材料柔软性对倒金字塔微结构阵列传感器性能的影响

采用模压成型方法制备了2种柔软性不同的热塑性聚氨酯/短切碳纤维/碳纳米管(TPU/SCF-CNT)复合材料复制物, 其表面上具有倒金字塔微结构阵列, 内部有SCF与CNT共同构成的导电通路. 将复合材料复制物和相应的复合材料平整片封装成柔性传感器. 结果表明, 压力作用下传感器内复制物和平整片之间的接触电阻因倒金字塔底棱的形变而显著降低. 对使用柔软性较高的复合材料封装的传感器, 虽然其相对迟滞稍大, 但压力作用下倒金字塔底棱形变量较大, 且复制物和平整片内导电通路增加量较大, 因此其在0~2.5 kPa的线性区内具有较高的灵敏度(0.32 kPa^?1). 制备的2种传感器均具有快速响应特性, 且能在500 s(约1580次)的循环压缩/释放测试(峰值压力约3 kPa)中保持较稳定的电阻响应. 研究表明, 利用模压成型的表面倒金字塔结构复合材料复制物封装成的柔性压力传感器具有良好的传感性能.     

细菌感染成像的研究进展

由致病菌或条件致病菌侵入机体繁殖而产生的毒素和其它代谢产物所引起的感染性疾病是目前全球范围内的主要死亡原因之一. 感染性疾病的早期诊断是对其进行有效治疗与控制的重要途径. 分子影像技术的快速发展给体内细菌感染的评估带来了前所未有的变化和机遇. 本文综合评述了计算机断层扫描、 正电子发射断层扫描、 超声成像、 磁共振成像、 荧光成像及光声成像等成像方式在细菌感染体内成像中的研究进展、 不足和发展方向等, 以期为活体细菌感染检测方法的发展提供参考.     

理论研究晶体场效应和电荷转移效应对Co2+的2p电子X射线L2,3吸收边光谱的影响

运用多重态计算方法研究了在正八面体对称性的晶体场中Co²⁺离子的2p电子X射线L_2,3吸收边光谱, 研究了Co²⁺离子和周围的配位离子之间的正八面体(O_h)晶体场效应和相应的电荷转移效应对于吸收光谱的影响. 系统讨论了在多重态计算中起作用的所有物理参数对CoO和CoCl₂的X射线吸收光谱特性的特定影响及其物理机制. 将计算得出的光谱数据和同样具有O_h对称性结构Co²⁺离子的CoO和CoCl₂实验光谱数据进行了对比, 在实验光谱数据中发现的特征被确定为来自不同自旋态, 并且光谱强度的变化与晶体场的强度相关, 揭示了其中包含的电荷转移效应. 本文为低对称性复杂系统的多重态计算提供了一个基础的参考标准, 可以适用于含有钴元素或其它过渡金属的复杂体系的X射线吸收光谱的理论计算.     

Foam/Film Alternating Multilayer Structure with High Toughness and Low Thermal Conductivity Prepared via Microlayer Coextrusion

Multilayer membranes prepared via microlayer coextrusion have attracted wide attention due to their unique properties and broad applications. In present study, the foam/film alternating multilayer sheets based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) and high-density polyethylene are successfully prepared via microlayer coextrusion. The cells in the sheets are single-cell-array along the foamed EVA layers with uniform cell size. In addition, the effects of layer number and foam relative thickness on morphology, mechanical properties, damping and heat insulation properties are investigated. The cell size decreases significantly with increasing layer number due to the enhanced confine effects. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and heat insulation also increase significantly. However, the mechanical damping properties change little in the observed frequency. Meanwhile, with higher relative thickness of EVA foam, the sheets have lower tensile strength and lower thermal conductivity, while the damping properties are enhanced in a specific frequency scope. The elongation at break of the optimized sample comes to 800% and the thermal conductivity decreases to 61 mW·m~(-1)·K~(-1), which shows high toughness and low thermal conductivity, indicating a possible method for preparing materials with high toughness and heat-insulating properties.     

高效液相色谱法测定食品接触材料及制品中9种酚类物质的迁移量

该文建立了苯酚、甲酚类、二甲酚类等9种酚类物质迁移量同时测定的高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测方法。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB－Aq色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇－水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,荧光检测器测定,激发波长为214 nm,发射波长为315 nm。优化了含油脂食品模拟物中9种酚类物质的提取方式,并考察了线性范围、准确度及精密度等方法性能参数。研究结果表明,含油脂食品模拟物中9种酚类物质的最佳提取溶剂为67%甲醇溶液,9种酚类物质在水基及油脂类食品模拟物中的线性相关系数（r2）均高于0.999,回收率为90.7%～99.8%,相对标准偏差均低于6.0%。5种水基食品模拟物中9种酚类物质的定量下限为0.07～0.10 mg/L,橄榄油中9种酚类物质的定量下限为0.15～0.20 mg/kg。方法成功应用于11批食品接触用聚碳酸酯（PC）塑料制品、15批涂层制品中9种酚类物质迁移量的测定。该方法灵敏度高、精密度好,可为食品接触材料及制品中9种酚类物质迁移量的分析提供技术支持。     

Mitochondrion-anchoring AIEgen with Large Stokes Shift for Imaging-guided Photodynamic Therapy

Photosensitizers that can target and accumulate in mitochondria are expected to achieve good therapeutic effects in photodynamic therapy,as mitochondria are the energy generation factory in cells.Herein,we designed and synthesized a novel mitochondrion-targeting photosensitizer TPC-Py with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for image-guided photodynamic therapy.TPC-Py possessed an efficient production of 1O2,with a quantum yield of 11.65%,upon mild white light irradiation(6 mW/cm²).TPC-Py exhibited good biocompatibility under dark condition,but showed remarkable cytotoxicity towards human cervical carcinoma(HeLa)cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 3.2μmol/L when exposed to white light irradiation(14.4 J/cm²).In addition,the Stokes shift of TPC-Py was as high as 150 nm,so that it could prevent self-absorption and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of fluorescence imaging.The excellent performance of TPC-Py makes it a promising candidate in imaging-guided clinical PDT for cancer in the near future.     

Fabrication and Excellent Antibacterial Activity of Well-defined CuO/Graphdiyne Nanostructure

Copper oxide(CuO),due to its low cost,good chemical and physical stability,has recently been given special attention as a potential candidate for antibacterial agents.However,developing novel CuO nanocomposites with improved antibacterial property and unraveling the interface promotion mechanism has been a fundamental challenge for decades.Herein,well-defined CuO/graphdiyne(CuO/GDY)nanostructures with uniformly anchored CuO nanoparticles(ca.4.5 nm)have been fabricated.The CuO/GDY nanostructure exhibited superior E.coli inactivation efficiency,which is nearly 19 times and 7.9 times higher than the bare GDY and commercial CuO,respectively.The improved E.coli inactivation performance was mainly due to the increased reactive O2-species generated by the activation of molecular O2 over CuO/GDY surface.These findings demonstrate the efficient antibacterial activity of well-defined CuO/GDY nanostructures and provide insights on the development of efficient GDY-based antibacterial materials.     

NiFe2O4对刚果红的光催化降解性能研究

采用水热法合成了尖晶石型NiFe₂O₄,并利用X射线粉末衍射仪对其物相进行了表征,利用紫外-可见分光光度计对其光催化降解刚果红的性能进行了研究。以刚果红为光催化降解底物,探究了刚果红初始浓度、催化剂用量、溶液pH、不同光源等因素对NiFe₂O₄光催化降解刚果红活性的影响。结果表明,当刚果红溶液浓度为20 mg/L、催化剂NiFe₂O₄的用量为0.065 g、pH 2~10、在太阳光下照射480 min时,刚果红的降解率高达99%以上,催化剂性能稳定,适合处理刚果红类有机污染物。